Understanding Operating Systems: Fundamentals

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Topics:-

1)Definition and purpose of operating systems •

2) Historical overview and evolution of operating systems • 

3)Role of an operating system in managing hardware resources 

 4) Basic operating system principles 

5) Overview of operating system components: kernel, shell, system utilities,

 6)Types of operating system structures: monolithic, microkernel, hybrid 

 7)Layered architecture of operating systems.

what is operating system? 

An operating system (OS) is the core software that manages a computer's hardware and provides a platform for running applications. 

It acts as a bridge between the hardware and the user, controlling and allocating resources like memory, storage, and input/output devices.

 User Interface The OS provides a user interface, whether graphical or command-line, allowing users to interact with the computer.


 The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner

 Resource Management :-

An operating system acts as a mediator between hardware and software, managing resources like CPU, memory, and storage to ensure efficient use.

 User Interface:-

 It provides a way for users to interact with the computer system, making it easier to use and understand.

Application Execution:-

Operating systems create an environment where applications can run smoothly, handling tasks like memory allocation and process scheduling.

Brief history of operating systems:- 

 1 Modern OS Graphical user interfaces, multitasking, network connectivity 

 2 Early batch systems Simple, sequential execution of programs 

 3 First OS General Motors's "GM-NAA I/O" system in the 1950s 

CPU Management Allocating :-

CPU time to running processes, preventing conflicts, and ensuring efficient utilization. 

 Memory Management:- 

 Managing the allocation and deallocation of memory to processes, ensuring sufficient space for operations.

Storage Management:-

 Organizing and accessing data on disk drives, ensuring efficient storage and retrieval.

 Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

 Command-Line Interfaces (CLIs)

 Provide a visual and intuitive way for users to interact with the OS.

 Touch Interfaces Allow users to interact with the OS using text-based commands. Designed for touch-based devices, providing a more interactive experience. Facilitating Application Execution 1 Loading and Running Program.

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